What are the 7 kinds of sacred music. html>xc

Organum, originally, any musical instrument (later in particular an organ); the term attained its lasting sense, however, during the Middle Ages in reference to a polyphonic (many-voiced) setting, in certain specific styles, of Gregorian chant. Learn about this topic in these articles: Assorted References. Classical10. Some genres can overlap. For example, polyphony has a venerable tradition in the Church, such as the compositions of Palestrina, Tallis, and Allegri. Arden Hopkin and Shon D. Style. Feb 9, 2019 · As we move chronologically forward in musical history the next most celebrated sacred work is probably the Bach B minor Mass. As a convert to the Church, I had experienced many forms of Christian music in my experiences as a former Pentecostal Pastor, Greek Orthodox Deacon, and now for 16 years serving as a Roman Catholic Deacon with permission to serve also in the Ukrainian Jun 15, 2023 · Music is like a melting pot of genres. Instruction on Sacred Music. Ritual dance was excluded from the synagogue as the rhythmic character of This document contains information about types of sacred music in the Philippines. Each paper presents an in-depth exploration of the role of music, whether in theory or practice, as it relates especially to specific groups or communities within the major world religions. Hinduism Sep 16, 2016 · It specifies that sacred music includes Gregorian chant, ancient and modern sacred polyphony, sacred music for the organ and sacred music of the people (MS 4b). The history of these frequencies can be traced back to the Gregorian chants, which were used in the Catholic Church. There are seven different types of diatonic seventh chords: The major seventh chord is made up of a major triad and a major seventh. Jan 6, 2021 · About the author. (b) The following come under the title of sacred music here: Gregorian chant, sacred polyphony in its various forms both ancient and modern, sacred music for the organ and other approved instruments, and . In our time the Supreme Pontiffs have issued three important documents on the subject of sacred music: the Motu proprio Inter sollicitudines of Saint Pius X, Nov. The minor major seventh chord is made up of a minor triad and a major seventh. Works are ranked by users' stars. Rock3. Apr 16, 2024 · There are other kinds of Sacred Music in the Church. In this, the GIRM follows the 1967 instruction on sacred music, Musicam Sacram §7, which says “However, in selecting the parts which are to be sung, one should start with those that are by their nature of greater importance, and especially those which are to be sung by the priest or by the ministers, with the people replying, or those which In order to preserve the heritage of sacred music and genuinely promote the new forms of sacred singing, "great importance is to be attached to the teaching and practice of music in seminaries, in the novitiates and houses of study of religious of both sexes, and also in other Catholic institutes and schools," especially in those higher These statements indicate that Continental musicians acknowledged a “new art,” the origin of which was English. Josquin Oct 18, 2022 · Solfeggio frequencies are a type of sacred music that has been used for centuries to bring about healing and relaxation. These chants were based on the seven notes of the major scale, which are: do, re, mi, fa, so, la, and ti. In its earliest written form, found in the treatise Nov 21, 2023 · Songs are a large and broad category of vocal music, and hymns are a subset of songs. _____ 7. Mar 26, 2010 · Frequently Asked Questions on Sacred Music 3 sents a masterly adaptation of the text to its specific litur-gical purpose. 1. May 8, 2022 · Music of the European tradition written using an established form is known as ‘classical’ music. Blues6. Dance Music: Dance music was prevalent in both secular and courtly settings during the Medieval period. Hopkin, “The Psalms Sung: The Power of Music in Sacred Worship,” in Ascending the Mountain of the Lord: Temple, Praise, and Worship in the Old Testament (2013 Sperry Symposium), ed. Published by the Sacred Congregation for Rites – September 3, 1958. ” Think of Isaiah 6:3, where the prophet sees the seraphim chanting “holy, holy, holy” in the presence of God. I hope you will be confirmed to study both kinds of music so that you may be able to sing the anthems of heaven and the songs of this world. Secular music is also discussed, such as harana, balitaw, kumintang, and polka. Dear Colleagues, This Special Issue features contributions on the presence of music or musical thought in world religions. Sacred music, as a complementary part of the solemn liturgy, shares in the overall purpose of the liturgy: the glory of God and the sanctification, the edification of the faithful. Nov 21, 2023 · In sacred music, or music written for the church, monks and composers wrote music to aid worship by communicating religious stories, enlightening the spirit, and glorifying God. 1400–60) and expanded upon by the succeeding generation of Franco-Flemish composers—Johannes Ockeghem (ca. and more. I gave him calligraphy pens and their four line staff music and had to the assignment was they had to do a full line kinds of news. It contributes to the decorum and the splendour of the Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What were the two main types of sacred music composed during the Renaissance?, Select all the statements that describe the work of Josquin Desprez. Music Ministers are the ones responsible for choosing the songs for the mass. importance in ecstasy in mysticism. , Examples of word painting in a Renaissance song would be the use of downward scales to correspond to the word "descending" and ______ scales to correspond with the word "ascending Jun 19, 2017 · With the exception of chant, almost every form of music that is today regarded as sacred initially had a stormy reception in the Church before being admitted to the ranks of music commonly called “sacred. According Dec 3, 2003 · CHIROGRAPH OF THE SUPREME PONTIFF JOHN PAUL II FOR THE CENTENARY OF THE MOTU PROPRIO "TRA LE SOLLECITUDINI' ON SACRED MUSIC . Find clues for Sacred music or most any crossword answer or clues for crossword answers. Other terms, such as holy, divine, transcendent, ultimate being (or ultimate reality), mystery, and perfection (or purity) have been used for this domain. Answers for Sacred music crossword clue, 7 letters. Jazz5. 1430–96), Johannes Regis (ca. The History of Catholic Chants . the author of Sacred Rest, writes that “rest is the most underused conversations, lights, music The intimate relation of music and liturgy in Gregorian chant was proposed as a model by St. Sacred music must be true art, says Pope Pius, “otherwise it will be impossible for it to exercise on the minds of those who listen Feb 14, 2008 · It receded into the background with the rise of polyphonic music and vernacular sacred music. Metal8. In ecstasy …certain ancient Israelite prophetic groups, music was used to achieve the ecstatic state, in which the participants, in their accompanying dancing, were believed to have been seized by the hand of Yahweh, the God of Israel, as in the case of Saul, the 11th-century-bce king of Israel. We are going to look at the key features of Renaissance music, including its composers, the typical instruments used, the sacred and secular forms and how it laid the foundations of change for the musical periods that followed. Jul 22, 2018 · This document summarizes different types of vocal and instrumental music in the Philippines. Pius X; to this end he articulated a specific rule: “the more closely a Church composition approaches Gregorian Chant in movement, inspiration, and feeling, the more holy and liturgical it becomes; and the more it deviates from this supreme model, the “The musical tradition of the universal Church is a treasure of inestimable value, greater even than that of any other art. Jan 17, 2024 · As Vatican II rightly maintains, crafting the legitimate liturgical space for inculturation, other equal kinds of sacred music, and the traditions of other cultures is not only appropriate but necessary. 22, 1903; the Apostolic constitution Divini cultus of Pius XI of happy memory, Dec. Such sacred singing was often accompanied by instruments, and its rhythmic character was marked. Introduction. The following come under the title of sacred music: Gregorian chant, sacred polyphony in its various forms both ancient and modern, sacred music for the organ and other approved instruments, and sacred May 16, 2023 · 5. While songs may address sacred topics or non-sacred topics, hymns usually address sacred topics. Musicam Sacram defines what kinds of music come under the title of sacred music. _____ 4. Sacred, the power, being, or realm understood by religious persons to be at the core of existence and to have a transformative effect on their lives and destinies. Mass – is a sacrament of the Eucharist mostly celebrated by the Roman Catholic Church. Harmonizing with the Devine. This means, as the history of the word “holy” shows, sacred music must be “set apart for worship, consecrated. Now, the principal Every major religion has its own forms of devotional songs. In the essay that follows, he explains Polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than that of the mass one of the two main forms of sacred Renaissance music Mass form of sacred music polyphonic, which means they had two or more melody lines masses had five sections Religions 2018, 9, 7 3 of 18 the spiritual content of the music. After presenting a womanist interdisciplinary methodology for experiencing and analyzing African American sacred music, the essay then (1) provides a socio-historical overview of the various types of music in the canopy of Black sacred music (2) examines selected music from Kirtan is a form of sacred singing in a group setting, often in call and response. It describes sacred music that is performed for religious use, including masses, pastores, senakulo, pasyon, salubong, flores de mayo, and santacruzan. Types of Sacred Music in the Philippines: a. The word “mass” came from the Latin word missa used in the concluding rite of the Mass in Latin. Jeffrey R. Answers for Sacred choral music(5) crossword clue, 6 letters. c. The key characteristic of European classical music that distinguishes it from popular music, folk music, and some other classical music traditions such as Indian classical music, is that the repertoire tends to be written down in musical notation, creating a musical part or score. Music’s imaginative nature means that these classifications are arbitrary and divisive. Mar 18, 2020 · But other kinds of sacred music, especially polyphony, are by no means excluded from liturgical celebrations. No wonder the Church has consistently proposed chant as the paradigm of sacred music. Sacred music, being a complementary part of the solemn liturgy, participates in the general scope of the liturgy, which is the glory of God and the sanctification and edification of the faithful. […] Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Select all that apply Select all the statements that describe the texture of Renaissance music. Kirtan is a growing phenomenon in the West, often associated with yoga studios or meditation centers. 1400–74) and Giles Binchois (ca. Now, the principal Sacred Music and Secular Music What is Sacred Music? Is the official journal of the Church Music Association of America, and the oldest continuously published journal of music in North America. D. Search for crossword clues found in the Daily Celebrity, NY Times, Daily Mirror, Telegraph and major publications. "Symphony" implies the medium, or ensemble, that performs the piece. Thus, popular liturgical, or simply religious, music can be sacred if: Oct 30, 2023 · The Church Music Association of America (founded in 1874) is an association of Catholic musicians and others who have a special interest in music and liturgy, active in advancing Gregorian chant, Renaissance polyphony, and other forms of sacred music, including new composition, for liturgical use. So you can discover the most favorited works filtered by genre and period. " This is an example of a frottola, a mostly comical polyphonic setting of a poem. Details are provided about each type, including that mass is part of the Roman Catholic mass, pasyon narrates the life of Jesus Christ, and salubong and flores de mayo celebrate meetings with the Virgin Mary and Instruction on Sacred Music I. This score typically determines details of rhythm, pitch, and Answers for Sacred music crossword clue, 7 letters. Concerning holiness, for music to be sacred means it is not the ordinary, not the every-day. Sacred music, then, is true music, reflecting as it does the deepest truths of God and man: that the universe is not self-created or self-sustaining, but created by God and filled with His Presence. Divine music belongs to the Kingdom of God, earthly music is of the mundane world. It is the essential resource for every Church musician, professional or amateur, who Oct 16, 2020 · Sacred music must in fact be sacred, holy and sanctifying. These sacred melodies, often sung in Latin, have been used in worship for centuries, carrying spiritual meaning and connecting believers to their faith. Pope: Greetings in the Lord Jesus Christ. It emphasizes the sung Mass, a proper arrangement of which “demands that the meaning and proper nature of each part and of each chant be carefully observed” (MS 6). The earliest synagogal music was based on the same system as that used in the Temple in Jerusalem. Admittedly, there is a noticeable trend in recordings of sacred choral music to pay attention to a liturgical season, gospel episode, or Christian theme; nonetheless, as with classical music as a whole, recordings of sacred music still tend to privilege a particular stylistic period, Polyphony (/ p ə ˈ l ɪ f ə n i / pə-LIF-ə-nee) is a type of musical texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with just one voice or a texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (). This piece centres on the different types of Classical music within that broad time frame. Although some Sep 29, 2023 · Sacred music holds a special place in our hearts as it bridges the gap between the earthly and the spiritual. Jul 12, 2018 · Frequently Asked Questions on Sacred Music | 3 a masterly adaptation of the text to its specific liturgical purpose. The term is most commonly associated with the Christian tradition. Chant music is playing in the background and they'll have calligraphy pens. The dominant seventh chord is made up of a major triad and a minor seventh. The main reason for this pre-eminence is that, as a combination of sacred music and words, it forms a necessary or integral part of solemn liturgy” – Second Vatican Council, Sacrosanctum Concilium #112 December 4th, 1963 All types of music can be played in a Mass. But other kinds of sacred music, especially polyphony, are by no means excluded from liturgical celebrations, so long as they accord with the spirit of the liturgical action… 120. [Editor’s introduction: Composer Paul Jernberg wrote his Mass of St. " Her work has been featured by Fast Company, FOX, MSNBC and Psychology Today. Symphony is a genre. , Select all that apply Select all the statements that describe texture in Renaissance music. Gregorian chant has long been revered as the music most suitable for the Roman liturgy. Africa extends beyond its geographic boundaries due to the travels of its peoples and the influence of its culture. In this article, we’ll dive into the rich history of Catholic chants, explore their various types and purposes, and discuss their role in modern worship. Gregorian Chant is monophonic (one voice) and was developed for use within the liturgy In performing or in hearing music, many people experience a momentary uplifting of the soul to heavenly heights where the beauty and peace of God eternally reign. There are countless genres and sub-genres, encompassing rock, jazz, rap, and so much more. It also discusses liturgical music used in Catholic traditions like Pasyon and Salubong. At the pinnacle is Gregorian chant, which is the music most proper to the Roman Rite-indeedit is the music of the Roman Rite. The different kinds of sacred music 3. sacred popular music, be it liturgical or simply religious. I: GENERAL PRINCIPLES. Begin by exploring the contexts in which Western sacred music developed, from its use in religious ritual to its emergence in the concert hall as edifying entertainment. Definition: What Is Secular Music? When talking about music, most musicologists make a distinction between secular and sacred 1. _____ 6. The commonly recognised ‘periods’ of Western Classical Music I have covered in a previous article. Sacred Music is the official journal of the Church Music Association of America, and the oldest continuously published journal of music in North America. Grey, and David Rolph Seely (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2013), 329–48. Liturgical music, music written for performance in a religious rite of worship. A symphony is a song written for an orchestra. It includes 7 types: mass, pastores, senakulo, pasyon, salubong, flores de mayo, and santacruzan. None of his surviving music is specifically instrumental Discover the greatest Sacred Music Works. 1430–83 Apr 20, 2019 · Sacred music was overcome by secular music by the 14th-century. It is now experiencing a popular resurgence. The Church recommends Gregorian chant be given “pride of place in liturgical services,” but other kinds of sacred music, especially polyphony, are also considered appropriate (Sacrosanctum Concilium, 116). 1410–97), Antoine Busnoys (ca. Sacred music transcends the ordinary, channeling the sacred and spiritual into melodious form. ÌvIass is not is the that ancient lineage, ofthe pasí„ nt chant An authentic of sacred music can take Benedict worthy of rnod. , Select all that apply Select all the characteristics of music during the Renaissance. The document outlines the characteristics of folk songs and different types of secular music such as harana, kundiman, and pandanggo. d. Mar 2, 2016 · Dear Fr. Most Christian music involves singing, whether by the whole congregation (assembly), or by a specialized subgroup—such as a soloist, duet, trio, quartet, madrigal, choir, or worship band— or both. It is the essential resource for every Church musician, professional or amateur, who is interested in the restoration of the sacred in Catholic liturgical life. This new art was developed first by Guillaume Du Fay (ca. Let’s explore the world of sounds and styles, as we delve into the top 35 types of music. This article summarizes one of the most significant developments in Western music history: the rise of polyphonic texture in the composition of sacred music. Organs and Sacred Music There are 72 seven-toned scales in Indian music, hundreds of fewer-toned scales, thousands of melodic ‘moulds’ and 35 time signatures. It was subsequently published in Communio: […] Jun 9, 2009 · sacred music in the twenty-first century. 20, 1928; and the encyclical Musicæ sacræ disciplina of the Regarding a symphony, which is NOT a true statement? a. Then encounter three distinct eras in sacred music, hearing excerpts from medieval chant, Handel's iconic Hallelujah chorus, and Edward Elgar's The Dream of Gerontius. I turned off all the lights. More to it, painting Gregorian chant in this light is not a repudiation of the other forms of religious music that many often compare it with. The identity of African people is static and shared among all black people. The seven types of seventh chords. Even the academic meaning of the term “genre” itself differs. Filter. This transcendence of self is one of the aims of the sacred liturgy, and music is certainly meant to aid us in raising our souls to God-or better, allowing Him to raise us. Liturgical Music: Liturgical music encompassed chants and hymns used in religious ceremonies and services. The conventions often include parameters of not just pitch and musical key, but also dynamics, tempo, and mood. Amongst all the contributions from the array of astonishing Baroque composers, this Mass, In my opinion, stands head and shoulders above the others. , the author of Sacred Rest writes that “rest is the most screens, conversations, lights, music, With this issue of Sacred Music we continue our survey of Pope Pius X'smotu pro­ prio on sacred music, with a special emphasis on section II which deals with the dif­ ferent types of sacred music. c and mores of harnonv lit that savoŽc Gregorian jmore ancll composjífon church Jits movement, i The closely a Mar 24, 2019 · Types of Classical Music. 2 Liturgy and Sacred Music by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger Pope Benedict XVI Editor’s Note: This insightful and still timely lecture was presented more than two decades ago by then-Cardinal Ratzinger at the Eighth International Church Music Congress in Rome, November 17, 1985. Harmonizing the Divine: Crafting Sacred Music. Of the three pillars of European classical music, sacred music may have been the most critical in the development of the entire genre. Examples of sacred sounds. I enjoyed reading your brief essay on the development of what is acceptable as sacred music. In the synagogue, however, the sung prayers were often unaccompanied. Receive restful suggestions and restorative practices featuring the 7 Types of Rest Framework™ to help you integrate rest into your life with this 30-day email series which compliments Dr. General Principles 1. Although he wrote a lot of different kinds of music, his most well-known piece is titled El Grillo," which translates to "The Cricket. Africa is a physical place that is established by its geographic features. Find clues for Sacred choral music(5) or most any crossword answer or clues for crossword answers. Rap4. Sacred music contributes to the decorum and the splendor of the ceremonies of the Church. Various types of dance music, such as estampies, saltarellos, and caroles, accompanied social gatherings and festivities. Dec 21, 2022 · The 7 Kinds of Rest You Need to Actually Feel Rejuvenated Saundra Dalton-Smith, M. Jul 15, 2018 · It provides examples of specific folk songs from the region like Atin Cu Pung Singsing and Pamulinawen. Learn about the history and evolution of Christian liturgical music. Without further ado, let’s look at what secular music is. Apr 15, 2020 · Sacred music is one of three expressions of European classical music, which also includes chamber music and theater music. Motivated by a strong desire "to maintain and promote the decorum of the House of God", my Predecessor St Pius X promulgated the Motu Proprio Tra le Sollecitudini 100 years ago. Pope Pius distinguished three characteristics of sacred music: "it must possess holiness and beauty of form: from these two qualities a third will spontaneously arise — universality" (§2). Nov 8, 2006 · By sacred music is understood that which, being created for the celebration of divine worship, is endowed with a certain holy sincerity of form. Not only is it incredibly relaxing but it can also help […] Apr 15, 2008 · Online Edition: April 2008 Vol. Typical Features of Christian Chants Jan 18, 2023 · So what I did was I put on my Gregorian chant music, the in the background. 1400 – 1600. Pop2. The word “kirtan” comes from Sanskrit and specifically refers to the practice of singing mantras. The immense popularity of the musical album Chant, recorded by monks of the monastery of Santo Domingos de Silos [Spain] is an index of this upsurge. It provides the following list: (See MS 4) Gregorian chant; Sacred polyphony in its various forms both ancient and modern; Sacred music for the organ and other approved instruments Du Fay composed in most of the common forms of the day, including masses, motets, Magnificats, hymns, simple chant settings in fauxbourdon, and antiphons within the area of sacred music, and rondeaux, ballades, virelais and a few other chanson types within the realm of secular music. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like According to Locke, a. Saundra Dalton-Smith MD is a physician, researcher and the author of the book "Sacred Rest: Recover Your Life, Renew Your Energy, Restore Your Sanity. In this article we’ll explore the characteristics, top songs, best musicians and the genre’s history. 116 in Sacrosanctum Concilium reads, in part: “The Church acknowledges Gregorian chant as specially suited to the Roman liturgy: therefore, other things being equal, it Musical performance - Medieval Instruments, Chant, Troubadours: The tradition of sung prayers and psalms extends into the shadows of early civilization. No. Below, I have highlighted what can broadly be considered to be the key types of music across the musical centuries. Among the most prevalent uses of Christian music are in church worship or other gatherings. Sacred music is, simply put, music written for church. The Renaissance Music Period covers the time from c. Dec 10, 2021 · If you’ve ever wondered what secular music is, today you’re in luck. Sep 23, 2022 · He wrote much sacred music like Catholic masses and motets, as well as secular music, which had no religious meaning. According to the Mishnah, the regular Temple orchestra consisted of twelve instruments, and the choir of twelve male singers. Folk7. Christian liturgical music developed from the musical practices of the Jewish synagogues. Composers during this period experimented with freer forms. Africans are the people who live Jan 28, 2004 · Like St Pius X, the Second Vatican Council also recognized that "other kinds of sacred music, especially polyphony, are by no means excluded from liturgical celebrations". Hymns and Contemporary Music Thus throughout most of the Reformed churches in Europe, the greatest achievements in sacred music consisted largely of the Psalters, collections of translations from the Old Testament Book of Psalms that were set to music with melodies drawn from medieval plainsong, from popular secular songs, and from some newly written tunes. 6. Dec 21, 2022 · Our minds and bodies need 7 different types of rest to feel refreshed and rejuvenated. Singing is another form of prayer _____ 5. Philip Neri as a choral setting for the new English translation of the Roman Missal. There is also a vast body of Sacred Music composed for the people, such as hymnody, psalmody, and different Mass settings in Latin or the vernacular. b. Let’s get right into it! Contents1. This type of music differed from sacred music because it dealt with themes that were not spiritual, meaning non-religious. These qualities are to be found, in the highest degree, in Gregorian Chant, which is, consequently the Chant proper to the Roman Church, the only chant she J. ” That music is controversial in the Church is nothing new, as we shall see in this modest survey of the history of music in Catholic Jun 14, 2016 · Divine music exhilarates the spirit, while earthly music has an effect upon the body. The history of religious Jewish music is about the cantorial, synagogal, and the Temple music from Biblical to Modern times. Listening to classical music has multiple positive effects on the brain. illuminates Eves expressiveness to the sacred, but does maxes expression 01 lóu(c music . There are rules to be followed in selecting music for the liturgy. Nov 15, 2016 · Is the music that is sung in the liturgy truly sacred music? Kinds of Sacred Music. Below are some of the most powerful examples from different faiths. The community is the main celebrant of the Holy Mass. Saundra's bestselling book Sacred Rest. Chadwick, Matthew J. A church choir singing. Country9. Hindustani music predominates in Northern India and seems to have its origins around 1000BC, and further developed between the 13th and 14th centuries AD with Persian influences and from existing religious and folk music. Apr 4, 2024 · Music can be categorized into several genres, such as popular music and art music, sacred music, and secular music. Some major examples include Bhajan, Qawwali, Dapha music, Sufi music, Gospel music, and Kirtan. It’s called ‘Miserere’ because that’s the first word of the Latin text: ‘Miserere mei, Deus Instruction on Sacred Music. Choral music - Sacred, Polyphonic, A cappella: The ordinary of the mass (consisting of the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus and Benedictus, Agnus Dei, and in some medieval masses also the “Ite, missa est”) has been a focal point of choral music for more than 600 years. The earliest forms of polyphony in Europe were called organum. Sacred music must be true art, says Pope Pius, “otherwise it will be impossible for it to exercise on the minds of Music can reflect the harmony of heaven; it can provide us on earth with a foretaste of the splendor of the Age to Come. Crafting sacred music to link worship with liturgy. Learn more in Kirtan Music & FAQs. In the Latin Church the pipe organ is to be held in high esteem, for it is the traditional musical instrument which adds a wonderful splendor to the Church's Jun 3, 2016 · The most famous piece of Renaissance sacred music is the Miserere by Gregorio Allegri. Sacred sounds come in many different forms depending on the religious source. XIV, No. Although most Sep 1, 2016 · In Sacrosanctum Concilium (The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy), issued in 1963, the Church focuses on two types of sacred music: Gregorian chant and sacred polyphony. xo jz nm xc mt dy ld je jo iz